are really private tutors, and their being misnamed on the 
principle that produced the names “wireless” and “horseless 
carriage” is another instance in that long list that illustrates 
how every innovation must pass through a primary phase in 
which the new effect is secured by the old method, amplified or 
modified by some new feature.

     Film is not really a single medium like song or the written 
word, but a collective art form with different individuals 
directing color, lighting, sound, acting, speaking. The press, 
radio and TV, and the comics are also art forms dependent 
upon entire teams and hierarchies of skill in corporate action. 
Prior to the movies, the most obvious example of such 
corporate artistic action had occurred early in the industrialized 
world, with the large new symphony orchestras of the 
nineteenth century. Paradoxically, as industry went its ever